Differences in the allelic frequencies at the αS1-casein locus in AI bucks of Alpine and Saanen breeds
Abstract
Allelic frequencies at the αS1-casein locus were calculated from genotypes of 761 AI bucks (483 Alpine and 278 Saanen) born between 1975 and 1994. The selection scheme was similar for both breeds, but the evolution of allelic frequencies differed. The most frequent alleles are "strong" A in the Alpine breed and medium E in the Saanen breed. The B allele is scarce in the two breeds and C allele is absent in the Saanen breed. The less favourable evolution in Saanen is due to a low initial frequency of the "strong" alleles, a defavourable effect of the pre-selection of young bucks based on reproductive traits, a low selection threshold for protein content, and a small number of sampled bucks. This evolution should be re-oriented if one wants to improve the true protein content and the percentage of coagulable proteins of Saanen milk.
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