Les vecteurs viraux : outils modernes de vaccination

Abstract

Vaccines designed for animal use belong to two main categories : vaccines with alive agents and those with inactive agents. Over the last few years, in each category, technological innovations have considerably improved and diversified vaccination strategies in order to meet new demands for better protection, efficacy and economic performances. In this context, INRA has directed its research efforts towards the development of vaccines based on the elaboration of viral vectors adapted to a variety of animal species and likely to meet the demand of animal industries. This review presents a description of how vaccine vectors using animal poxviruses with a narrow host spectrum (myxoma virus), human or animal defective adenoviruses (meaning they can no longer multiply within the host) as well as fish rhabdoviruses modified by reverse genetics, can be obtained and developed. Examples of possible vaccination applications, not only against economically important animal diseases but also as part of compared pathology models, illustrate the unquestionable potential of these viral vectors and allow considering their use in control programmes of emerging or reemerging animal diseases in Europe.