Effect of fostering on survival, growth, reproduction and behavioural consequences in pigs

Abstract

Control of the mortality of surnumerary newborn pigs in modern intensive pig farming can be achieved by fostering. Its economical importance is high, concerning 5.6 % of piglets born alive and 0.61 weaned piglet per litter. This practice is increased by farrowing synchronisation and the necessity of improving the numerical productivity of pig farming. Fostering has various consequences and particulary affects the behavior of transfered piglets. However, losses due to these behavioral disturbances are few. The main effect appears on growth performance on piglets until weaning and to a lesser extent until market. The unfavorable effects of this technique on reproductive performance are restricted to conception rate of gilts, to the total number of piglets born and to the number of piglets born alive. Fostering leads to standardizing of litter size during lactation around an optimum which can vary according to the sow type. So, it seems to compensate the unfavorable effects of excessive litter size. The period of transfer, the weight of transfered piglet and maternal care are the main factors which contribute to the success of fostering.